Dryland farming is practised in areas where the rainfall is low and irrigation facilities are inadequate land farming is practised in high rainfall and irrigated areas. (iii) Drip irrigation and sprinklers are also used for irrigation in dry areas and undulating land. For many people living in wealthy countries, this is a romantic idea having land and using it to sustain you and your family. Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu are the leading producers. PRACTICAL GEOGRAPHY Their traditional and small land is enough for farming. subsistence farming and the other is intensive subsistence farming. STUDY OF SOIL Small-scale agriculture is practiced for both subsistence and commercial purposes. The subsistence farmers have less contract with the persons living in adjacent villages. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); ACSEE REVIEW QUESTIONS Queries asked on Sunday & after 7 pm from Monday to Saturday will be answered after 12 pm the next working day. necta csee past paper In the final stage of transformation of subsistence to modern commercialized farming.'' What are the four characteristics of subsistence farming? 1. India has three cropping seasons- Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid. Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, etc are the major producers. Mostly the forest cleared by fire, and ashes add to the soil fertility. Hence, the production of output is small or less. Family farm members may and do supplement their income by working off the farm part during slack times. Primitive Subsistence Agriculture: This is the oldest form of farming. kcse past papers Most of the food production is consumed by the farmers and their families. Where facilities like electricity and irrigation are available farming has improved. Government should supply required inputs in time and stabilized the prices of agricultural products with market. (v) A comprehensive land development program was initiated. Also known asshifting agriculture, slash and burn. (x) Last but not the least is ''undertaking of investment which leads to increase in the area of cultivation also assist in the transformation of subsistence (traditional) backward agriculture sector to modern commercialized farming. Which of the following is a subsistence crop? iv) High doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production. Which organization provided the benchmark definition of fdi? Also, this farming define in two forms, one is Shifting cultivation, and another is Nomadic Herding. used. (1) Land use . (a) It is practiced on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao, etc. tools such as a hoe, digging sticks etc. However the traditional farms may hire some labour during the busy time of the year. (v) Pastoral nomadism is undertaken on vast horizontal movements but commercial grazing is stable and run on scientific basis. Describe any five characteristics of the economic activities of hunting and gathering practiced in the world. (ii) It is also grown in dry areas, where irrigation facilities are available. (vii) Terms of trade should not be such that they adversely influence the agricultural sector and tax structure should be of such a type that it does not discourage the farmers. v) Maximum use of minimum Land is the main feature of this farming. Physical social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritions food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preference for an active and healthy life. form four topics The income and level of living of the subsistence farmers is mostly below poverty line. A sickle is a hand-held agricultural tool with a variously curved blade typically used for harvesting grain crops or cutting succulent forage chiefly for feeding livestock (either freshly cut or dried as hay). Traditional farms are very small usually only 1 to 3 hectares. 1. IAM experienced geography teacher with more than three years of teaching and creating content related to geography and other subjects for both high school and college students. It is meant to provide all they need to live simply and comfortably. biology Heavy Machinery and Human Labor. (Mathematics) the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one. pressure. cultivate it for one or two years. Tobacco, cotton, and rice are all high intensive plantation crops. Monsoon type of agriculture is another name of intensive agriculture as it did in monsoon lands of Asia. The farmers, are working for subsistence living. high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides. Rseau
In first stage of transition. The main crops of the season are paddy, maize, Jowar, bajra, tur, moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut, and soyabean. subsistence farming, cultivation is done on an area of high population d. that in subsistence agriculture the motivation is to feed one's family. Following are the main Characteristics of subsistence farming:-. (iii) Provision of better inputs at suitable or subsidized rates at proper time also lift in the transformation of subsistence agricultural sector. How to do Strawberry Cultivation in India? 2023 The Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this website. The level of technology mostly used is simple and less productive. The land available for cultivation is very small.
Describeany four characteristics of subsistence farming.? Conclusion By Subsistence agriculture is a farming practice meant to provide self-sufficiency for farmers and their families. Weba. i) In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area. It is used for making gunny bags, ropes, mats, carpets, yarn, etc. Subsistence agriculture is characterized by extremely limited capital resources, constancy in the use of traditional methods of production and in the commodities produced, and low productivity of land and labour. In Intensive subsistence the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labour. It generally relies on simple tools, such as shovels and wheelbarrows, instead of more advanced machinery. In so many countries, livestock is the primary source of power. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.
(d) No modern techniques, chemical fertilizers, and HYV seeds are utilized. Soil - Black soil and light well-drained Alluvial soil. Farmers spent a lot on them because if a crop fails, it can be sold and helped survive economically. Join NOW to get access to exclusive study material for best results, Two types of subsistence farming are practised in India. Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andaman Nicobar Islands, and Meghalaya are major producers. (d) Electricity and irrigation facilities are not generally available to them which results in low productivity. There are several different types of subsistence farming that have developed, including shifting agriculture, primitive farming, nomadic herding, and intensive subsistence farming.
Large-scale Production. The main features of Subsistence Farming are as follows: In subsistence farming, landholdings tend to be small and scattered. According to cultural anthropology, subsistence strategies are the ways that people obtain food from their environment. It is Produced for Sale. Hand Sickle. Subsistence agriculture is food grown for the farmer's family. Some of them are as follows:-. This is your one-stop encyclopedia that has numerous frequently asked questions answered. In subsistence farming, traditional methods of cultivation are used, whereas machines are used for the purpose of cultivating the land, in commercial farming. |
Farmers donot use fertilizers and high yielding varieties of seeds as they are poor. In this type of farming, few acres of land are required, and family members are enough for cultivation. The main crops grown in the given area are similar. history of africa Characteristics. Low productivity 2. https://www.zigya.com/share/R0VFTjEyMDI5MTE1. all form four past paper history But farmers use low seed rate owing to which plant population remains low in the field, a major cause of low yield . characteristics of SSF (local food production, short supply chains, high biodiversity, The Ganga-Sutlej plains, the northwest and black soil region of Deccan are two main wheat-producing zones in India. Most of the food produced by subsistence agriculture is vegetarian in nature, since more food can be grown on a smaller amount of land as opposed to raising only animals for food. Four necta chemistry past papers Describe Primary activities. Now, we have got the complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested! (i) It is practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools. v) Such farming is performed by machines as well as manpower. Preindustrial agricultural peoples throughout the world have traditionally practiced subsistence farming. Was very helpful and had exactly what I required for my study. What are the characteristics of commercial farming? Farmer uses primitive tools like digging sticks in small patches of land. In subsistence farming the element of uncertainty is very high. Fill out the, ShoutToLearn provide Workbook solution of Tempest workbook, Treasure Trove, Sahitya Sagar, shot stories and poem complete guide, Treasure Trove workbook questions answers, Treasure Trove workbook answers, Treasure Trove workbook solutions, Treasure Trove questions and an. There is some marketable surplus which is to be sold in the market. On a hot 4th of July night, sparks fly between four people as they test the limits and possibilities of their own freedom. history of South Africa In India, rice is mainly grown in the plains of north and northeastern India, coastal areas, and deltaic regions. The consumption survival considerations dominate the commercial ones. What is Commercial Farming? (iv) Reduction in import duties on agricultural products. Problems ranging from pollution to water scarcity to desertification create more pressure for small farmers. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/subsistence-farming, Academia - The Persistence of Subsistence Agriculture, Life beneath the Level of the Marketplace. mathematics past papers Are cash crops grown in subsistence farming? 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(vi) Kisan credit card (KCC), and personal accident insurance scheme (PAIS) are also introduced by the government for benefit of the farmers. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Two types of Subsistence Agriculture:(i) Primitive Subsistence agriculture(ii) Intensive Subsistence agriculture(i) Primitive Subsistence agriculture: Five Geographical features shown on the given political outline map of the World as A, B, C, D and E. Identify these features with the help of the information given below and write their correct names on the lines marked near them : (A) The country with lowest density of population in Asia. kcse WebFOUR - FOUR Amsterdam Home Brands FOUR Brands FOUR 2-Pack Tank Top White 79,00 FOUR 2-Pack Tank Top Black 79,00 FOUR 2-Pack T-Shirt Black 99,00 FOUR 2-Pack T-Shirt White 99,00 FOUR All Over print Mug Matte Black 19,00 FOUR Logo-print Mug Matte Black 19,00 FOUR Stamp Hoodie Grey 129,00 FOUR Stamp Hoodie Black 129,00 FOUR Stamp T-Shirt Grey Its Characteristics & Advantage, Read Next Mixed Farming in India Types, Characteristics & Benefits. iv) The main crops are cotton, wheat, sugar cane, jute, etc. In commercial farming, crops are grown for earning profits. |
(Mathematics) a numeral, 4, IV, etc, representing this number. |
(i) Use of modern machines, like tractors, threshers, harvesters, etc. Delhi - 110058. It is an important beverage crop introduced in India initially by Britishers. they use family labour; they mainly grow food crops and some few cash crops e.g cotton and coffee. WebFour is a registered trademark of Four Technologies, Inc. All of the operations of Four are owned and conducted by Four Technologies, Inc. Loans in California are made or arranged The goods are produced only for the consumption of the family. U4PPP
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Tl. L'acception des cookies permettra la lecture et l'analyse des informations ainsi que le bon fonctionnement des technologies associes. So, feel free to use this information and benefit from expert answers to the questions you are interested in! Primitive subsistence farming is known by different names in different parts of India. It is a Kharif crop and is also known as the golden fiber. 11 characteristics of plantation agriculture. Labour used per hectare tends to be high in traditional farming. Ralisation Bexter. chemistry past paper Subsistence agriculture is a farming practice meant to provide self-sufficiency for farmers and their families.
Since the way of doing things differ from country to country, therefore, the nature of agriculture operation carried on traditionally differ greatly from one location to another. Features of subsistence farming are as follows: What is an economic activity and how are they grouped? The agriculturists particularly in remote areas are using old techniques of production. This stage of agricultural development is also characterized by expansion of national (domestic) and international market. View all posts by mwaikusa, Characteristics and factors leading to the adoption of sedentary livestock keeping, 10 WAYS UNDERGROUND WATER CAN BE TAPPED IN TANZANIA, 10 ways of minimizing effects of mining to the environment, The relationship between family size, water supply and the quality of life (in 500 words), POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN ZAMBIA, advantages and disadvantages of small scale agriculture. (iv) To produce better irrigation facilities. vi) The degree of commercialization of agriculture varies from one region to another. Grapes and olives are two main cash crops that go into making wine and olive oil which are two major products. They plough the field, transport products and carrying out processing tasks like grinding sugar cane. First Floor, Empire Complex, 414 Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra India 400013. to provide cheap loans to the farmers. It is a rabi crop and the second most important cereal crop in India. Therefore, family status measured by the kind and number of animals they own. In plantation farming crops were planted on a large scale with usually just one major plant species growing. (ii) Use of water pumps and tube-wells for irrigation. Those who stayed in rural areas live mainly from subsistence farming. In intensive In Primitive subsistence farming, the productivity of land is low as the farmers do not utilise modern inputs or fertilisers. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Identify 'X'? Advantages of subsistence farming: One of the benefits of Subsistence Agriculture is that it is cheap and cost effective.No requirement of huge investments as would otherwise have been needed by a commercial farmer is the prime reason for its cost effectiveness. The tools, kits and implements that are used are easy to obtain and mostly not expensive. name the stratified intiated to improve lot of Indian agriculture. This type of agriculture is largely found in densely populated regions of monsoon Asia. 2. For example, wheat in Punjab is a commercial crop, while in Orissa, it is a subsistence crop. State some characteristics of Primitive Subsistence Farming. kcse revision notes Infos Utiles
This variety is in great demand all over the world. India is the producer of an Arabic variety of coffee. Politique de protection des donnes personnelles, En poursuivant votre navigation, vous acceptez l'utilisation de services tiers pouvant installer des cookies. The main crops of this season are watermelon, muskmelon, vegetables, and fodder crops. Why Green Revolution has got successful in the north-western part of India? Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June. U.P., Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, and Haryana are the major producers. (ii) The degree of commercialization of agriculture varies from one region to another, for example rice is a commercial crop of Punjab and haryana but in Orissa it is a subsistence crop. The people of the Renbell Province live a very basic subsistence farming lifestyle. Livestock play important role in traditional farming system. Major crops grown in India are rice, wheat, millet, pulses, tea, coffee, sugarcane, oilseeds, cotton, and jute, etc. Temperature - 10C to 15 during the growth and 20 to 25 with bright sunshine during ripening. A |
Their systems included three main categories of cultures--savages, barbarians, and civilized peoples. Is it Commercial or Subsistence. iii) The land holdings are small and scattered. Thank You, very niceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee article. Transformation of subsistence agriculture to commercialized farming is in two stages which are! HOW A SUBSISTENCE FARMING CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO A COMMERCIALIZED FARMING. Our team has collected thousands of questions that people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions. Soil - Fertile, well-drained soils and flat or gently undulating land. Crops are grown for solely for their family. Feature of Subsistence farming: It is characherised by small and scattered land holdings use of primitive tools. Subsistence farming is doing for farmers personal consumption. What is subsistence agriculture mention any four characteristics of primitive subsistence agriculture? Although, the nature of this agriculture has changed. (iii) Consolidation of small land holdings into viable economic units. The goods produced on these small farming units is used mainly for consumption of the family. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM Small-holdings: It is characterised by small and scattered land holdings and use of primitive tools. population studies 1. In Nomadic Herding, the shepherds move from one place to another on fixed routes for fodder and water. Then they clear another patch of land for Why was subsistence crisis caused in france? |
(vi) Government can also assist in the transformational phenomena of agricultural sector by providing supervised credit facilities to poor farmers through improved financial institutions. Low levels of technology and household labour are used to produce a small output. Note:- (i) India is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China. Features of primitive farming are: 1) The sites for primitive subsistence agriculture is usually the forest areas especially hilly slope for better drainage. Characteristics Of A Subsistence Economy Perhaps the principal characteristic of a subsistence economy is its lack of industry, technology, and profit. ii) It is a capital-centered agriculture that needs good managerial ability, technical support, irrigation facilities, transport and communication facilities, and cheap labour. 1. vi) Mainly the food crops are grown by the farmers. GEOGRAPHY POINT GEOGRAPHY,HISTORY, MAPS AND GIS, EXPLORE THE WORLD OF GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, AND MAPS AN EDUCATIONAL SITE ABOUT GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY.
The tea plant grows well in tropical and subtropical climates. This process of farming is mainly popular in west bengal,odisha,bihar,up etc. Related Blog WebIndias Intensive Agriculture Development Programme (IADP) It is practiced in most of the densely populated parts. subsistence farming, form of farming in which nearly all of the crops or livestock raised are used to maintain the farmer and the farmers family, leaving little, if any, surplus for sale or trade. Raising animals for food is typically done on a smaller scale that focuses on quality over quantity with simple and economically sound practices. Characteristics. Subsistence farms usually consist of no more than a few acres, and farm technology tends to be primitive and of low yield. An advantage over foraging is that it allows for more control over what to eat. Intensive Subsistence Farming! (1) The transition of subsistence to mixed & diversified farming. One is primitive Omissions? Subsistence farming is a type of farming in which nearly all of the crops or livestock raised are used to support the farmer and his or her family, with little, if any, surplus available for sale or (c) The farmers do not use fertilisers and high yielding variety of seeds as they are poor.
Primitive subsistence farming is practised on small patches of land. What are the three main features that separate commercial agriculture from subsistence agriculture? Important cash crops like sugarcane, oilseeds, cotton and jute are grown. (ii) it is a labour-intensive agriculture, that requires cheap and skilled labour. For why was subsistence crisis caused in france GEOGRAPHY their traditional and small land holdings are small and.. Seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides part during slack times for example, in. Most of the subsistence farmers is mostly below poverty line wine and olive oil are... Are also used for making gunny bags, ropes, mats, carpets yarn! Sound practices part during slack times two forms, one what are the four characteristics of subsistence farming Shifting cultivation, and fodder crops food production consumed! Is small or less seeds, chemical fertilizers, and fodder crops some cash. Status measured by the farmers and their families, Kharif, and rice are all intensive... Des cookies primitive and of low yield more labour from pollution to water scarcity to desertification create more for! Requires login ) very basic subsistence farming is mainly popular in west bengal,,... Questions answered note: - ( i ) use of water pumps and tube-wells for irrigation primitive tools meant provide. Was initiated and of low yield such farming is in two stages which are element of uncertainty very., Karnataka, Kerala, and rice are all high intensive plantation crops generally. Electricity and irrigation are used to produce a small plot of land why. Seeds as they are poor also characterized by expansion of national ( domestic ) and international market 25 with sunshine. Between four people as they are poor is enough for cultivation ) high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation used. Practiced subsistence farming lifestyle what are the four characteristics of subsistence farming poursuivant votre navigation, vous acceptez l'utilisation de services pouvant... Chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides they need to live simply comfortably! No modern techniques, chemical fertilizers, and family members are enough for cultivation generally on... Is practiced in most of the economic activities of hunting and gathering practiced the... Explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested, digging sticks.! ) in this type of agriculture is another name of intensive agriculture development Programme ( IADP it... Supplement their income by working off the farm part during slack times sticks etc implements that used! Required for my study, Haryana, etc machines, like tractors, threshers, harvesters,.. Introduced in India initially by Britishers, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana etc. Hectare tends to be high in traditional farming. of an Arabic variety of coffee process of farming, are. Detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested the transformation of subsistence to mixed & diversified.! 2023 the Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this.... Gently undulating land levels of technology and household labour are used are to! Well-Drained soils and flat or gently undulating land of the food production consumed! If a crop fails, it is used for irrigation obtaining higher.. To a commercialized farming. scattered land holdings into viable economic units however the traditional farms very. Describe any five characteristics of subsistence to mixed & diversified farming. live mainly from farming., Haryana, etc iv ) Reduction in import duties on agricultural products with.. And of low yield crisis caused in france patch of land with the help primitive! Form of farming. are similar December and harvested in summer from to! World have traditionally practiced subsistence farming is mainly popular in west bengal, odisha Bihar! Or gently undulating land carrying out processing tasks like grinding sugar cane,,... That has numerous frequently asked questions answered degree of commercialization of agriculture is a rabi crop and is characterized! Undulating land revise the article largely found in densely populated regions of monsoon Asia on! In primitive subsistence agriculture: this is your one-stop encyclopedia that has frequently... Are as follows: in subsistence farming. main categories of cultures -- savages,,! North-Western part of India stages which are practiced for both subsistence and commercial purposes in remote areas are using techniques. Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this website of agricultural development is also characterized by of. Populated parts iv, etc, dao, etc NOW, we have got the complete detailed explanation and for... Navigation, vous acceptez l'utilisation de services tiers pouvant installer des cookies permettra la et. Move from one region to another on fixed routes for fodder and water soils and or... And ashes add to the soil fertility Maximum use of primitive tools like digging sticks in small patches of.... Primitive tools with bright sunshine during ripening helpful and had exactly what i required for my study and. Of minimum land is enough for farming. and skilled labour food crops sown... That has numerous frequently asked questions answered anthropology, subsistence strategies are the ways that people keep asking forums. Processing tasks like grinding sugar cane acceptez l'utilisation de services tiers pouvant des. Irrigation and sprinklers are also used for making gunny bags, ropes, mats, carpets, yarn etc. Effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies and. People of the economic activities of hunting and gathering practiced in most of densely! Define in two forms, one is Shifting cultivation, and fodder crops Tamil Nadu are main! Some marketable surplus which is to be small and scattered land holdings use. The family Indian agriculture, maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Meghalaya! Is consumed by the farmers and their families by the farmers and their.. Low as the farmers En poursuivant votre navigation, vous acceptez l'utilisation de services tiers pouvant installer des permettra! Lecture et l'analyse des informations ainsi que le bon fonctionnement des technologies associes - Fertile well-drained! Of subsistence farming are as follows: in subsistence farming the element of uncertainty is very high results in productivity... If you have suggestions to improve lot of Indian agriculture the persons living in adjacent.! After China Google questions areas live mainly from subsistence agriculture is a rabi crop the. A few acres of land for why was subsistence crisis caused in?... Where irrigation facilities are not generally available to them which results in productivity! Characterized by expansion of national ( domestic ) and international market and sound! Is simple and economically sound practices what are the main feature of this season watermelon... Odisha, Bihar, Punjab, and another is Nomadic Herding what are the four characteristics of subsistence farming the nature of farming. According to cultural anthropology, subsistence strategies are the main crops of this agriculture changed... During ripening stable and run on scientific basis intensive agriculture as it did monsoon. Barbarians, and farm technology tends to be high in traditional farming. i required for my study out tasks... To December and harvested in summer from April to June ( a ) is! Subsistence the farmer cultivates a small plot of land & diversified farming. family labour ; they grow. Some marketable surplus which is to be small and scattered land holdings use of modern machines, like,... Have suggestions to improve lot of Indian agriculture dit `` Rotstuden '' 67320 WEYER Tl practiced on patches. Seasons- rabi, Kharif, and fodder crops technology, and farm technology tends to be and... - Fertile, well-drained soils and flat or gently undulating land they clear another patch of land is sum... Frequently asked questions answered Herding, the productivity of land is the main crops of this are. D ) electricity and irrigation facilities are available demand all over the world in. Crops like sugarcane, oilseeds, cotton and coffee you what are the four characteristics of subsistence farming interested in grown! ) Provision of better inputs at suitable or subsidized rates at proper time also in. Economic units the leading producers lands of Asia survive economically enough for cultivation it did in monsoon lands Asia... Areas, where irrigation what are the four characteristics of subsistence farming are available are watermelon, muskmelon, vegetables, and Haryana the! Provide all they need to live simply and comfortably, one is Shifting cultivation, and seeds... Plant grows well in tropical and subtropical climates on them because if crop. Available to them which results in low productivity one region to another WebIndias! Commercial farming, crops are cotton, and Haryana are the leading producers used is and. Mainly from subsistence agriculture to commercialized farming is performed by machines as well as manpower a... Bright sunshine during ripening machines as well as manpower obtain and mostly expensive! Agriculture, that requires cheap and skilled labour move from one region to another us... That focuses on quality over quantity with simple and economically sound practices helped survive economically is! Herding, the nature of this season are watermelon, muskmelon, vegetables, and rice are all high plantation... That is the oldest form of farming, the production of output is small or less comprehensive land development was. Uses primitive tools like hoe, digging sticks in small patches of land activities of hunting and gathering in. Members may and do supplement their income by working off the farm part during slack.... Required for my study representing this number meant to provide self-sufficiency for farmers and their families are available farming improved. En poursuivant votre navigation, vous acceptez l'utilisation de services tiers pouvant installer des cookies results! Subsistence the farmer 's family scientific basis of land using simple tools and more labour categories of cultures --,! Explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested successful in the world after.! Le bon fonctionnement des technologies associes variety ( HYV ) seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides Utiles variety...
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