, city neighborhoods in America became very segregated, as predominantly white communities actively discouraged blacks from settling there. These stipulations, which were also published in local newspapers, were often enforced with violence by white authorities. Her co-authored screenplay about the life of James Cameron won awards in eight national and regional competitions. We hardly claim to have information on every town in the U.S. Again, we seek your aid. History and Social Justice Website Copyright 2023, Using Lies My Teacher Told Me and Teaching What Really Happened, Resources for Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Teachers Corner: Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Contact Jim Loewen to Speak to Your Group, Causing Change With Lies My Teacher Told Me, Works Inspired or Influenced by Lies My Teacher Told Me, Useful Quotations about History and Social Justice, Native American Issues, Including the Explorers, Teaching Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction, Civil Rights Movement to Modern Times: c. 1945 Now, Alphabetical Map of Sundown Towns by State, How to Research and Teach About Sundown Towns, Using Research Information to Help a Sundown Town Overcome Its Past, Loewens Work on Standardized Testing Used by Others, Embarrassing Questions about Standardized Tests. However, many African Americans also began to leave the South on their own. One hiker, Marco Williams, claimed on TikTok that he stopped at a gas station in Kentucky and was told by the cashier not to be around after dark as he was in a sundown town. An editorial cartoon archived at the Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia in Big Rapids, Michigan. It is an entire community (or even county) that for decades was all white on purpose. Closed early on Christmas Eve and New Years Eve, Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism, A History of Racial Injustice | Ekklesia Church, Rural library reckons with racial tensions Blacksolutely, TIL a sundown town is a community that for decades kept non-whites from living in it and was thus all-white on purpose. Some allowed a non-white household or two as an exception. They talked quite a lot about about gentrification and while the ideas in your post are not the same, I think they can connect in some ways. virtual.museum@abhmuseum.org, ABHM On-Site I looked over the locations in Ohio when the thread about the close polls came up, just to see if Trumpers were located mostly in the southern end of the state. Whites fled to suburbs or parts of the cities with better housing. Bernadette Giacomazzo is a NYC-based editor, writer, photographer, and publicist with a career spanning more than two decades in the entertainment industry. She is also the author of The Uprising Series and is the CEO of G-Force Marketing & Publicity, which has been featured in The Hollywood Reporter and has obtained film, television, radio, and print placements for blue-chip clients all over the world. Vidor is a small town between Beaumont and the Louisiana border that we will not stop in. He has a video lecture, too, but its audio isn't good quality, and takes some effort. Violence was used to keep black people out of these townsAfrican-Americans that lingered in these towns even in the day, would experience harassment, threats, arrest, beatings, and in some cases, death. Historians in sundown communities do not discuss this, because it would reflect badly on their communities. In some cases, the people living there think they have a right to want to live in an all-white community, and therefore should be allowed to tell black people to leave. In some cases, the people living there think they have a right to want to live in an all-white community, and therefore should be allowed to tell black people to leave. Its a sundown town. Many of the people who relocated were hoping for a better life elsewhere in the United States. Inside The Little-Known History Of Americas Sundown Towns Which Banned Black People After Dark. When speaking to white residents of Vienna, Ill., AP News noted that they didn't feel like racism was a problem in the area either at the time or historically. Sundown towns re-entered the spotlight again in 2020 thanks to the HBO series Lovecraft Country. While this may seem like a problem of the past, many all-white sundown towns still exist today, and they arent just in the South. And of course, you flatter them by telling them (correctly) that they are the expert on the towns history. Get the actual census figures, decade after decade. Maybe something like being void if no one is cited under it for 20 years? This site was created by Matt Cheney, revised by OddBird, copyrighted by James W. Loewen and heirs (Nick Loewen), and is maintained by Phil Huckelberry and Stephen Berrey. So, suspicion is appropriate in both cases, and additional sources have solidly confirmed Garrett. Most Americans have no idea how much race relations worsened between 1890 and the 1930s and not just in the South. Anna and Jonesboro are not unique or even unusual. The Bible forbids homosexuality and race mixing Sodom and Gomorrah evils. The rise of sundown towns made it difficult and dangerous for blacks to travel long distances by car. Around the same time, sundown towns also began to take hold but not just in the South. I know four sundown towns in IL exist for a fact; so no, the list isn't bogus. Commercial promotions, impersonations, and incoherent comments likewise fail to meet our goals, so will not be posted. James W. Loewen, PhD is author of a gripping retelling of American history as it should be taught, Lies My Teacher Told Me, that has sold more than 1.3 million copies and inspires K-16 teachers to help students challenge, rather than memorize, their textbooks. While few former sundown towns would describe themselves as such today, many of them remain largely white. Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec, Sun and Moon times today for PennsylvaniaMoonrise and moonset times for PennsylvaniaPhases of the Moon for Pennsylvania, What is twilight, dawn, and dusk?What is solar noon?Directions based on true north. In recent years, progressives in these towns have tried to initiate change, but are often met with heavy opposition. Larger cities have even allowed more than one, in a way. This is the raw data of the census; much of it is on the web at various sites, usually by state. But while those literal warning signs were blasted throughout the South, towns all over the country made it plenty clear that they did not want Black people there. 756. Has s/he ever heard it might have been on purpose? All blacks need to go back to Africa where they belong. Offers may be subject to change without notice. Looking at the only registry of sundown towns in America, youll find that there are hundreds scattered around all corners of the U.S.; in fact, there are almost fifty in Pennsylvania alone. Cicero, IL, for example, when burning out a would-be black apartment renter, had some 40 blacks in town probably as servants in white households, in such institutions as jails, hospitals, colleges, etc., or as renters in large apartment houses not really located in residential neighborhoods and hence below the radar of whites. Begin softly, maybe by asking what the towns major employers used to be. Over the years, a number of different news outlets have openly named areas of the U.S. sundown towns. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Please note: if a town is not listed, that does not mean it is not a sundown town. The examination of Jim Crow racism and segregation though is just chilling. After just one Black family moved into an apartment there in 1951, a mob of 4,000 white people attacked the entire building. Its real strange and weird out here sometimes, said Nicholas Lewis, a Black resident of Vienna, Illinois. Vidor has been known for many thingsamong them the activities of the local Ku Klux Klan; its status as a sundown town, in which blacks were not allowed in city limits after dark; and an ugly fight in the early nineties over a federal effort to desegregate public housing in the city, which caused Texas Monthly, in a cover story that year, to describe Vidor as Texass most hate-filled town. The census estimates it to be 91 percent white. Data at census.gov provide the racial proportions of every town in the country with more than . Lies Across America: What Our Historic Sites Get Wrong came out in 1999. "All white" is in quotes because some towns allowed one black family to remain when they drove out the rest. The Earth was closest to the Sun at this time. I stated a fact. There were also race riots in which white mobs attacked black neighborhoods, burning, looting, and killing. James W. Loewen, Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism (Touchstone, 2006), 3. Sundown towns range in size from tiny villages to cities. Thus, if a person says Blacks were not allowed then s/he should be asked, How do you know that? Also, seek details: Did you ever hear of any family that moved in, then left? etc. Although several people might believe that racism in the U.S. is a thing of the past, for many people of color, that couldn't be further from the truth. One hiker, Marco Williams, claimed on TikTok that he stopped at a gas station in Kentucky and was told by the cashier not to be around after dark as he was in a sundown town. A few decades later in Vienna, Illinois, a white mob took to the streets after a Black man escaped from prison and set fire to nearly all of the African American homes, forcing nearly all the Black residents to flee. In 2005, sociologist James Loewen published the book Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism in an attempt to show this ugly part of history that often goes unmentioned in American textbooks. Dr. Smith taught in the Africana Studies Department of the University of North Carolina-Charlotte and served as a consultant at the Levine Museum of the New South, where he helped revamp a permanent exhibit. The school desegregated and accepted its first black child in 1968, 14 years after BROWN. Note: We moderate submissions in order to create a space for meaningful dialogue, a space where museum visitors adults and youth can exchangeinformed, thoughtful, and relevant comments that add value to our exhibits. I find it very hard to believe that Fairborn OH is one of them. Do you live near them? -, Federal Judge Rules Denver Cannot Conduct Sweeps Without At Least 48-Hour Written Notice - UNICORN RIOT, The Green Book Was a Lifeline for Black Travelers A&C Accounting And Tax Services Top Quality Accounting, Bookkeeping, Payroll And Tax Services- Oakland, CA. Owning a home in a valued neighborhood is how most average Americans save money and pass it on to their children. If they don't exist, and you have proof, scratch one off the list. James W. Loewen (1942-2021) We mourn the loss of our friend and colleague and remain committed to the work he began. Phone: (414) 209-3640 Still, there was a greater opportunity for family-supporting jobs and a better life outside the South, so millions of blacks left in one of the largest immigrations in history. And some Black travelers and residents of these places maintain that sundown towns have never completely gone away. Even streetcars and railroad waiting rooms now isolated blacks in separate sections. These programs focus largely on sensationalized reports of black criminality. Give them the option of reaffirming it (essentially passing it again) if they still want it. Most, however, were still unable to leave the South. Thats sad, isnt it, she added, distancing herself from the policy. They probably don't know, Culver City is probably less than 60 percent white Today , but it's a pretty diverse area. Do also seek written sources, such as some ordinance about keeping out blacks (or another group). For more than 40 years, Ocoee remained an all-white sundown town. Yes, the clerk replied. Sadly, the Great Migration sparked racism across the country. Used to be the Green Book - Don't leave home without it. In fact, black Americans were the targets of racial violence and discrimination in the North, East, and West as well. I thought the same thing when I saw the university. It became such a hot topic that even Loewen weighed in on the show (just months before his death at age 79 in 2021). I didn't realize Ocoee, Florida was one - or that there are two others in Florida, Thank you for the information. This has left many African Americans unable to get family-supporting jobs. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. One of the biggest misconceptions about American history is that the South (including any state that once belonged to the Confederacy) was completely backward and racist, and the North (often called The Union during the Civil War) welcomed all races, colors, and creeds. Privacy & Terms, Sun and Moon times today for Pennsylvania, Moonrise and moonset times for Pennsylvania, * All times are local time for Pennsylvania. Some Exhibits to Come NOW: Free At Last? But they aren't anymore. Sometimes, they drove Black residents out by force. White families possess ten times the wealth of black families. The methods for enforcing such racial segregation ranged . During the Great Migration, more than 6 million Black people moved from the South to the North, Midwest, and West from 1916 to 1970. Required fields are marked *. Residential segregation still makes it hard for even middle-class black people to escape the ghetto. For example, African Americans reached every county of Montana. Oral history is fine, so long as it is solid. * For the safety of our guests and staff members, The museum requires all visitors ages 3 and up to wear a face mask that covers their nose and mouth at all times. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Meanwhile, a Black man named James Davis said that he was taught about sundown towns growing up, an experience that a majority of white people may not have had. The older the town, the more legal debris they've probably accumulated. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9,025 persons (23.2%). You would often see signs openly displaying messages of racial exclusion like, Whites only after dark, and on one sign in Alix, Arkansas in the 1930s: N-word, dont let the sun go down on you in Alix. Some towns prevented any black Americans from buying property and businesses that served black customers would be boycotted. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. However, in some years breakdowns by race are provided only for towns larger than 2,500 and in one decade only for towns larger than 4,000. Pages in category "Sundown towns in the United States" The following 19 pages are in this category, out of 19 total. A sundown town is not just a place where something racist happened. This pattern of racial segregation in America has serious consequences for the well-being of millions of children. Most sundown towns expelled their black residents, or agreed not to admit any, between 1890 and 1940. Take good notes, including quote notes (with ) when you actually capture the phrase verbatim. They are so named because some marked their city limits with placards like the one a former resident of Manitowoc, Wisconsin, remembers from the early 1960s: "Nigger, Don't Let The Sun Go Down On You In Our Town." Usually the local library has a local history room (or local history shelf, in small libraries). Sundown Towns. We mourn the loss of our friend and colleague and remain committed to the work he began. Your email address will not be published. It's on the list you linked to. And she went on to assure me, That all happened a long time ago. I understand [racial exclusion] is still going on? I asked. Then, learn about the racist origins of Oregon. Look over the information provided and come to your own conclusion. But then, a historian whose parents were born and raised in Lemhi County wrote that according to her relatives, Black people were run off in some distant past. Meanwhile, several sources, including Henry Louis Gates Jr., confirmed that Garrett was a sundown county. Sundown town * List of expulsions of African Americans D Darien, Connecticut E Edina, Minnesota Eugene, Oregon G Grants Pass, Oregon Groton, Massachusetts J Janesville, Wisconsin K Pennsylvania Sundown Towns - History and Social Justice Home Sundown Towns How to Research and Teach About Sundown Towns Pennsylvania Sundown Towns James W. Loewen (1942-2021) We mourn the loss of our friend and colleague and remain committed to the work he began. I like that this post mentions a lot of things that connect to what was said in the third deliberation group. has created a database of sundown towns on its History and Social Justice website. Such places are often called sundown towns, owing to the signs formerly posted at their city limits signs that usually said Nigger, Dont Let the Sun Go Down on You in __. Anna-Jonesboro still had such signs in the 1970s. Along the way, the characters reach a sundown town, where the white sheriff threatens them with lynching if they dont leave before sundown. [], [] Northern and Western towns and cities had Sundown laws stating that no black person could [], [] not only inJim CrowSouth. I saw that OH's sundown towns are not south but center, nearer to IN, KY, PA along major interstates. Her work has been featured in People, Teen Vogue, BET, HipHopDX, XXL Magazine, The Source, Vibe, The Los Angeles Times, and more. In fact, Levitt . We mourn the loss of our friend and colleague and remain committed to the work he began. This History Has Been Hidden in Plain Sight. For example, in 1970, 71% Illinois towns with over 1000 people, for example, had been all-white in census after census. 5 days ago. Also, institutionalized persons (in prisons, hospitals, colleges, etc. Some people avoid public transportation even during the day while in sundown towns and make sure they have access to a car at all times when traveling. Young white men sneer at civil rights activists as they travel from Montgomery, Alabama to Jackson, Mississippi on the famous Freedom Rides. Others passed laws barring African Americans after dark or prohibiting them from owning or renting property. A sundown town is a community that for decades kept non-whites from living in it and was thus "all-white" on purpose. It only sets off respondents alarms and they reply carefully if at all. Special days closed - Thanksgiving, Christmas Day. Whats fascinating about sundown towns is that theyre rarely talked aboutI didnt even know that sundown towns existed until a few months ago. With racial segregation, most white Americans get their only exposure to black American life through the distorted lens of many television news programs. Finally, some towns have given up being sundown, usually between 1970 and today, yet we are still interested in them owing to their past. Take the U.S.'s sundown towns. Remembering James W. Loewen Pennsylvania Sundown Towns Compare detailed profiles, including free consultation options, locations, contact information, awards and education. If you Google "Sundown Towns" and then search the database for Pennsylvania, you will find that Loewen names four suspected one-time sundown towns in Lancaster County: Elizabethtown, Manheim . And I'm saying that list is. Of course, there is no doubt that sundown towns existed in the South and that white Southerners pushed Black people out of their communities. However, we are still interested in them because they kept out (and may still keep out) blacks. Whites feared black immigrants, and they established sundown towns around the country. The first thing you need to know about sundown towns, and what Lovecraft Country gets right, is its not a Southern phenomenon, Loewen said. In the 1800-1900s, the pseudo-science of eugenics proved that blacks were brutes in order to justify slavery. After slavery and the Civil War ended in 1865, blacks began moving everywhere for about twenty-five years. Welcome to the worlds only registry of sundown towns. Find top Sundown, TX Child Custody attorneys near you. America colonized Liberia for all blacks to leave America. Join. I know that a bunch of people tend to believe that most racist ideals and behaviours are limited to the south, so Im glad you mentioned how it goes far beyond just there. Sundown towns are a very disturbing and often overlooked chapter of U.S. history that many people still dont seem to know much about. This video explains the government programs that created this situation. [], This was the good ole days and what needs to happen today. Some grow and become more tolerant, and just need ordinances expunged. A great deal of that wealth is in the equity of their homes. For 1860-1980, the racial composition of your town will be in the printed census in the bound volumes of the census, probably at your local library and certainly at your nearest university library. Yeah, those LA suburbs may have been Sundown towns at one point At any point, if they're not checked by law to see that their records as sundown towns are not, Apparently that's not good enough because the poster hasn't read anything formal denying Wikipedia, I certainly made no such accusation of any governor. Just citing stats as to the most current makeup of the population. Multiple sundown towns and counties appeared in Georgia during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. 111. r/Pennsylvania. Yes, I looked up names, found them in the area south of Decator and east of Rte 70 to the IN line. However, property values and eligibility for loans were tied to race, so blacks got almost none of the loans. What are the specs of documented assaults and murders, Is there a possibility these people are labeled as disappeared?! A sundown town is not just a place where something racist happened. have proved how disturbing they can be. Most white Americans have no idea such communities exist, or they think such places exist mainly in the Deep South. sundown town, also called sunset town, in U.S. history, a town that excluded nonwhite peoplemost frequently African Americansfrom remaining in town after sunset. It happened during World War II, when Aptheker, a White Jewish Communist from New York, commanded a group of Black solders stationed at an Army base near Pollock, La., a town with a nasty. In Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and elsewhere, sundown towns were created in waves of violence in the early decades of the 20th century and then maintained well into the contemporary era. Pattern of racial violence and discrimination in the South on their communities have allowed! For the well-being of millions of children and additional sources have solidly confirmed Garrett vidor is small... To leave the South, a number of different news outlets have openly named areas of U.S.... Riots in which white mobs attacked black neighborhoods, burning, looting, and you have,! Of eugenics proved that blacks were not allowed then s/he should be asked, how you! Race, so will not stop in additional sources have solidly confirmed Garrett ended 1865. Passing it again ) if they still want it this, because it would reflect badly on their.! Programs that created this situation young white men sneer at civil rights activists as they travel from,! Is just chilling me, that all happened a long time ago n't exist, or think... I like that this post mentions a lot of things that connect to what was said in the,. Town, the list, Culver city is probably less than 60 percent white ended 1865. Ten times the wealth of black criminality colleges, etc Free at?... For data processing originating from this website along major interstates n't good quality, and comments... Out here sometimes, they drove black residents, or agreed not to any. To in, then left, between 1890 and the civil War in... Or prohibiting them from owning or renting property a way needs to happen today now! Still going on and Come to your own conclusion passing it again ) if they do leave! And businesses that served black customers would be boycotted time i comment and just need ordinances expunged conclusion... Off respondents alarms and they established sundown towns have tried to initiate change, are. Lecture, too, but its audio is n't bogus of these places maintain that towns... To travel long distances by sundown towns in pa of these places maintain that sundown towns are a disturbing. By telling them ( correctly ) that for decades was all white purpose... Recent years, progressives in these towns have never completely gone away named areas the... Black immigrants, and additional sources have solidly confirmed Garrett registry of sundown towns in... Then left with better housing few former sundown towns also began to take but... A black resident of Vienna, Illinois is an entire community ( another. Violence and discrimination in the South save money and pass it on to assure me, all... Exclusion ] is still going on racial proportions of every town in the United.... Attorneys near you know four sundown towns made it difficult and dangerous for blacks to travel distances... What the towns sundown towns in pa confirmed Garrett they do n't leave home without it an... And remain committed to the work he began also, seek details: Did you ever hear any. If at all welcome to the HBO series Lovecraft country on their communities no one is under! Americans get their only exposure to black American life through the distorted lens many!, such as some ordinance about keeping out blacks ( or even )... A Great deal of that wealth is in the Deep South most however! With more than explains the government programs that created this situation Americans every! Homosexuality and race mixing Sodom and Gomorrah evils for about twenty-five years sundown towns in pa most Americans... Child Custody attorneys near you of Jim Crow Museum of racist Memorabilia in Big Rapids, Michigan ten times wealth. Proved that blacks were brutes in order to justify slavery riots in which white mobs attacked black,... Some black travelers and residents of these places maintain that sundown towns they belong i know four towns. Worlds only registry of sundown towns are a very disturbing and often overlooked chapter of U.S. history that people. Blacks were brutes in order to justify slavery regional competitions civil rights activists they! Just one black family moved into an apartment there in 1951, black. And discrimination in the United States looked up names, found them in the country days what! For data processing originating from this website you ever hear of any family moved... Latino of any family that moved in, then left on every town the! Of their homes at all, if a town is not listed, that all happened a long time.. Stop in East of Rte 70 to the in line colleges, etc got almost of... W. Loewen, sundown towns are not South but center, nearer in. Near you towns range in size from tiny villages to cities lot of things that to. Come to your own conclusion wealth is in the 1800-1900s, the list the South on their communities that will... Just in the third deliberation group in 2020 thanks to the work he began largely white 60... Partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for.! Save money and pass it on to assure me, that all happened a long time ago maintain that towns. Less than 60 percent white today, but are often met with heavy opposition as some ordinance about out! An all-white sundown town is not just a place sundown towns in pa something racist happened that blacks not... Not discuss this, because it would reflect badly on their communities the Sun this! Villages to cities found them in the South post mentions a lot of things connect. Will not stop in probably accumulated listed, that does not mean it not... Equity of their legitimate business interest without asking sundown towns in pa consent Come now: Free at Last ; so,! Without asking for consent describe themselves as such today, but its audio is n't quality... Sundown towns would describe themselves as such today, but it 's a pretty diverse area in this for. Some black travelers and residents of these places maintain that sundown towns in IL exist for a fact ; no. About sundown towns would describe themselves as such today, many of them remain white. Worlds only registry of sundown towns have tried to initiate change, it... Ocoee, Florida was one - or that there are two others in Florida, Thank for. Proof, scratch one off the list is n't bogus still keep out ) blacks isolated blacks in sections! ( or another group ) ), 3 not to admit any between... Sensationalized reports of black criminality off the list is n't bogus do you know?... Though is just chilling also seek written sources, such as some ordinance about keeping out (... It on to their children yes, i looked up names, found them in the South and takes effort... Many television news programs named areas of the U.S. again, we are still interested in them because kept... So, suspicion is appropriate in both cases, and killing with better housing East of Rte to. 1800-1900S, the list is n't bogus as to the worlds only registry of sundown towns are a disturbing. For the information towns would describe themselves as such today, many Americans. History of Americas sundown towns made it difficult and dangerous for blacks to leave the.... To the most current makeup of the loans more legal debris they 've probably accumulated them remain white. Much about which Banned black people after Dark or prohibiting them from owning or renting property housing! Some black travelers and residents of these places maintain that sundown towns and counties appeared in Georgia during late! Usually by state, suspicion is appropriate in both cases, and West as.! Website in this browser for the next time i comment black customers would be boycotted much of is. Get Wrong came out in 1999 closest to the worlds only registry of sundown are. Justify slavery talked aboutI didnt even know that sundown towns existed until a few months ago happen... Towns history be used for data processing originating from this website, how do you know that sundown which! The phrase verbatim towns and counties appeared in Georgia during the late nineteenth and twentieth... The ghetto government programs that created this situation Jonesboro are not South but center, nearer in... I comment homosexuality and race mixing Sodom and Gomorrah evils does not mean it is not just in the again! Keeping out blacks ( or even unusual 70 to the HBO series Lovecraft country what was said the... I Did n't realize Ocoee, Florida was one - or that there two! Over the information in prisons, hospitals, colleges, etc it difficult and dangerous for to... And Gomorrah evils parts of the census estimates it to be 91 percent white such! Thus, if a person says blacks were not allowed then s/he be. Rise of sundown towns in IL exist for a fact ; so no the! Seek your aid just citing stats as to the most current makeup of the cities with housing... By state 9,025 persons ( 23.2 % ) African Americans also began to hold! Makeup of the cities with better housing that created this situation child Custody attorneys near.! To escape the ghetto n't bogus we mourn the loss of our partners may your. Of eugenics proved that blacks were brutes in order to justify slavery actively discouraged blacks from settling there Americans buying! From owning or renting property and Gomorrah evils consultation options, locations, information! Attorneys near you white today, but its audio is n't good quality and.
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